The Purpose of the Sun and Moon or The Greater Light and Lesser Light
Let’s establish the calendar that YHWH has instructed from the beginning:
Gen 1:14 And God said, Let there be lightsH3974 in the firmament of the heaven to divideH914 H996 the dayH3117 from H996 the night;H3915 and let them be for signs,H226 and for seasons,H4150 and for days,H3117 and years:H8141
Gen 1:15 And let them be for lights in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth: and it was so.
Gen 1:16 And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.
Gen 1:17 And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth,
Gen 1:18 And to rule over the day and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good.
Gen 1:19 And the eveningH6153 and the morningH1242 were the fourth day.H3117
This set of verses establishes YHWH’s calendar. Let us look at all that is established in this section:
- YHWH created two great lights
- The greater to rule or distinguish the day
- The lesser to rule or distinguish the night
- Additional purposes of the lights
- Signs (H226)
- Season (H4150)
- Days (H3117)
- Years (H8141)
Beginning with the lights that were created:
H3974 מארה מאורה מאר מאור
mâ’ôr mâ’ôr me‘ôrâh me‘ôrâh (1,2) maw-ore’, (3,4) meh-o-raw’
From H215; properly a luminous body or luminary, that is, (abstractly) light (as an element); figuratively brightness, that is, cheerfulness; specifically a chandelier: – bright, light.
H215 אור
‘ôr ore
A primitive root; to be (causatively make) luminous (literally and metaphorically): – X break of day, glorious, kindle, (be, en-, give, show) light (-en, -ened), set on fire, shine.
1020) Ra% (Ra% AR) ac: Order co: Box ab: ?: Boxes are used to store items and keep them in order. Light is also necessary for order. (eng: order – with the addition of “der” also meaning order in Hebrew)
H) Era% (Era% ARH) ac: Gather co: Box ab: ?: A gathering of items or livestock to place in a box or pen.
V) Era% (Era% A-RH) – Gather: To gather up something to place in a box or other container. [freq. 2] (vf: Paal) |kjv: pluck, gather| {str: 717}
Nf1) Erfa% (Erfa% AW-RH) – Stall: A box for the livestock. [freq. 1] |kjv: cote| {str: 220}
ff1) Eira% (Eira% AR-YH) – Stall: A box for the livestock. [df: hwra] [freq. 3] |kjv: stall| {str: 723}
jm) Nfra% (Nfra% A-RWN) – Box: Any boxed shaped object. [freq. 202] |kjv: ark, chest, coffin| {str: 727}
J) Rfa% (Rfa% AWR) ac: ? co: Light ab: ?
V) Rfa% (Rfa% AWR) – Light: To be light or bright. [freq. 43] (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hiphil) |kjv: light, enlightened| {str: 215}
Nf) Rfa% (Rfa% AWR) – Light: The light from the sun, moon, stars, fire, candle or other giver of light [freq. 129] |kjv: light, fire, day, bright, clear, lightning, morning, sun {str: 216, 217}
Nf1) Erfa% (Erfa% AW-RH) – Light: [freq. 4] |kjv: herbs, light| {str: 219}
am) Rfam% (Rfam% M-AWR) – Light: What gives off light. [freq. 19] |kjv: light, bright| {str: 3974}
The root of the word is an “aleph”, “vav”, and “resh”. We get our English word “order” from this Hebrew word. The picture shows the strength of the head leader making something that is secure (and will not change). These are what we call the sun and the moon. These two pieces of Creation are the dominant picture in our skies and are extremely predictable that it is no wonder that man has worshiped these creations from the beginning of time.
Going back to the original word used, we should notice that the difference between the root word, which denotes the function of bringing order, and the word “mawor” is the addition of a “mem”. The mem is a picture of waters and it was through waters that we view these two lights, even today.
In the context of Genesis 1:14-19, we see that the greater light was created to rule over or divide the day from the night.
In an interlinear, it can be seen that a more accurate rendering of the verse would be as follows:
“And Elohim is saying: ‘Be lights (mawor) in the firmament of the heavens to separate between the days and between the night and be for signs, and for appointments (moedim) and for days and for years”
If we understand this, then we can see that there are 6 functions that these two lights are to perform – this is their “order”:
- to distinguish (H996) the day (H3117) [this would be the sun]
- to distinguish (H996) the night (H3915) [this would be the moon or darkness itself as the moon may not be visible]
- for signs or marking (H226)
- for moedim or appointed gatherings (H4150)
- for days or years or seasons (H3117)
- for repetitions or duplications (H8141)
H996 בּין
bêyn bane
(Sometimes in the plural masculine or feminine); properly the constructively contracted form of an otherwise unused noun from H995; a distinction; but used only as a preposition, between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjugation, either… or: – among, asunder, at, between (-twixt . . . and), + from (the widest), X in, out of, whether (it be… or), within.
1037) Nb% (Nb% BN) ac: Build co: Tent panel ab: Intelligence: The pictograph b is a picture of the tent. The n is a picture of a sprouting seed and represents continuity as the seed continues the next generation. The combined meaning of these letters mean “the continuing of the house”. The tent was constructed of woven goat hair. Over time the sun bleaches and weakens the goat hair necessitating their continual replacement. Each year the women make a new panel, approximately 3 feet wide and the length of the tent. The old panel is removed (being recycled into a wall or floor) and the new strip is added to the tent. Since the tent is only replaced one small piece at a time the tent essentially lasts forever. (eng: beam – a component of construction with an exchange for the m and n; between – with the t added)
M) Nib% (Nib% BYN) ac: Plan co: ? ab: Understand: The tent was usually divided into two parts, one for the females and the other for the male. The wall makes a distinction between the two sides. Understanding as the ability to discern between two or more things.
V) Nib% (Nib% BYN) – Understand: [freq. 170] (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hiphil) |kjv: understand, cunning, skilful, teacher, taught, consider, perceive, wise, viewed, discern, prudent, consider| {str: 995}
Nm) Nib% (Nib% BYN) – Between: As the wall is between the two sides of the tent. [Hebrew and Aramaic] [freq. 36] |kjv: between, among, asunder, betwixt, within, out of, from| {str: 996, 997, 1143}
Nf1) Enib% (Enib% BY-NH) – Understanding: [Hebrew and Aramaic] [freq. 39] |kjv: understanding, wisdom, knowledge, meaning, perfectly, understand| {str: 998, 999}
This is the word distinguish or separate – something differentiates between the day and the night, in context this is the sun and the moon.
What is the definition of a day?
Gen 1:14 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to dividethe dayH3117 from H996 the night;H3915 and let them be for signs,H226 and for seasons,H4150 and for days,H3117 and years:H8141
H3117 יום
yôm yome
From an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literally (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figuratively (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverbially): – age, + always, + chronicles, continually (-ance), daily, ([birth-], each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), + elder, X end, + evening, + (for) ever (-lasting, -more), X full, life, as (so) long as (. . . live), (even) now, + old, + outlived, + perpetually, presently, + remaineth, X required, season, X since, space, then, (process of) time, + as at other times, + in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), X whole (+ age), (full) year (-ly), + younger.
1220) Mi% (Mi% YM) ac: ? co: Sea ab: Terror: The pictograph i is a picture of a hand representing work, the m is a picture of water. Combined these mean “working water”. The sea or other large body of water is the place of storms and heavy surf. This parent root is closely related to me.
A) Mi% (Mi% YM) ac: ? co: Sea ab: ?
Nm) Mi% (Mi% YM) – Sea: Also the direction of the sea, the west. [Hebrew and Aramaic] [freq. 398] |kjv: sea, west, westward, seafaring men| {str: 3220, 3221}
J) Mfi% (Mfi% YWM) ac: ? co: Day ab: ?: The day ends and the new day begins when the sun sets in the west, over the Mediterranean sea.
Nm) Mfi% (Mfi% YWM) – Day: [Hebrew and Aramaic] [freq. 2290] |kjv: day, time, daily, every, year, continually, when, as, while, full, alway, whole| {str: 3117, 3118}
pm) Mmfi% (Mmfi% YW-MM) – Day: [freq. 51] |kjv: day, daytime, daily, time| {str: 3119}
The pictograph of the “yod”, “vav” and “mem” shows the day is time of work, hence the word beginning with the hand. The word ends with water, and in Hebraic thinking, this is when the day ends – when the sun hits the waters (this is why there is a close relationship between sea or “yam” and day or “yom”). The day begins again when you can begin work. By a Scriptural definition, if the sun is visible, then it is day.
For a much more in-depth look at the topic of a day, please see the post The Biblical Day for my perspective on this topic.
What is the definition of night?
Gen 1:14 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to dividethe dayH3117 from H996 the night;H3915 and let them be for signs,H226 and for seasons,H4150 and for days,H3117 and years:H8141
H3915 לילה ליל ליל
layil lêyl layelâh lah’-yil, lale, lah’-yel-aw
From the same as H3883; properly a twist (away of the light), that is, night; figuratively adversity: – ([mid-]) night (season).
H3883 לוּל
lûl lool
From an unused root meaning to fold back; a spiral step: – winding stair. Compare H3924.
1265) Ll% (Ll% LL) ac: Howl co: Night ab: ?: When the night comes, the night sky is rolled out like a scroll. When daylight comes, the night sky is rolled up like a scroll. (eng: yell)
M) Lil% (Lil% LYL) ac: ? co: Night ab: ?
Nm) Lil% (Lil% LYL) – Night: [freq. 233] |kjv: night, season, midnight| {str: 3915}
Nf4) Tilil% (Tilil% LY-LYT) – Owl: A night creature. [freq. 1] |kjv: screech owl| {str: 3917}
ff1) Ilil% (Ilil% LY-LY) – Night: [Aramaic only] [freq. 5] |kjv: night| {str: 3916}
The word picture of a “lamed”, “vav” and “lamed” is that of a scroll with the two ends on a staff and something secured or fastened between them. It also pictures a binding or a joining together, which in ancient times is what they would do at night, as there is more security in numbers.
The night is distinguished and ruled by the moon; however, night is specifically the period of darkness as sometimes the moon does not make an appearance.
We have now established the first function of the two great lights – the greater of the two lights rules the day while the lesser of the two rules the night and these two lights establish the day and the night.
What is the definition of signs?
Gen 1:14 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to dividethe dayH3117 from H996 the night;H3915 and let them be for signs,H226 and for seasons,H4150 and for days,H3117 and years:H8141
The next function to look at is signs or in Hebrew: “’oth”
H226 אות
‘ôth oth
Probably from H225 (in the sense of appearing); a signal (literally or figuratively), as a flag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence, etc.: – mark, miracle, (en-) sign, token.
H225 אוּת
‘ûth ooth
A primitive root; properly to come, that is, (impliedly) to assent: – consent.
1022) Ta% (Ta% AT) ac: Plow co: Mark ab: ?: The pictograph a is a picture of an ox. The t is a picture of two crossed sticks used to make a sign or mark. Combined these pictures represent “an ox moving toward a mark”. When plowing a field with oxen, the plowman drives the oxen toward a distant mark in order to keep the furrow straight. A traveler arrives at his destination by following a mark. The traveling toward a mark, destination or person. The arrival of one to the mark. A “you” is an individual who has arrived to a “me”. The coming toward a mark. A standard, or flag, with the family mark hangs as a sign. An agreement or covenant by two where a sign or mark of the agreement is made as a reminder to both parties. (eng: at – a moving at something)
J) Tfa% (Tfa% AWT) ac: ? co: Mark ab: Agree: The coming toward a mark. A standard, or flag, with the family mark hangs as a sign. An agreement or covenant by two where a sign or mark of the agreement is made as a reminder to both parties.
V) Tfa% (Tfa% AWT) – Agree: Two parties to be in agreement. [freq. 4] (vf: Niphal) |kjv: consent| {str: 225}
Nf) Tfa% (Tfa% AWT) – Mark: The sign of an agreement between two parties. [freq. 79] |kjv: sign, token, ensign, miracle, mark| {str: 226}
This is probably one of the more interesting words in Hebrew when looking at it in the context of all of Scripture. The “aleph” “tav” is the mark of the Creator and is rarely translated in our English Bibles. In the Greek texts, this is akin to the Alpha and Omega. The addition of the “vav” between these two letters shows a nail used to secure something. These pictures point to the leader’s sign or mark that is secure. Several instances come to mind in which the sun shows us YHWH’s plan and these instances are for all men to see:
Joshua 10:12-14
Isaiah 38:7-8
Luke 23:44-45
So the sun has been used for “’oth” throughout Scripture. There are still yet many prophecies that must come to pass that also involve the sun being darkened. Because darkness is part of the moons normal cycle, a moon being dark is not as great a sign as the sun being darkened.
You might be thinking now that the sun is not the only item used for signs, and you would be correct in this thought. The difference is who can see the signs. Stars often show us signs, but not all men can see these signs as there can be geographic limitations and it requires wise men to watch for these signs and be able to interpret them. The most notable time a star is used as a sign is during the time of Messiah’s birth as found in the book of Matthew. Note that Matthew is the only author to record this event as if it was not well known.
Matthew 2:1-2
For an interesting historical perspective on this event, please see the article about Messiah in his early years.
What is the definition of a season?
Gen 1:14 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to dividethe dayH3117 from H996 the night;H3915 and let them be for signs,H226 and for seasons,H4150 and for days,H3117 and years:H8141
H4150 מועדה מעד מועד
mô‛êd mô‛êd mô‛âdâh mo-ade’, mo-ade’, mo-aw-daw’
From H3259; properly an appointment, that is, a fixed time or season; specifically a festival; conventionally a year; by implication, an assembly (as convened for a definite purpose); technically the congregation; by extension, the place of meeting; also a signal (as appointed beforehand): – appointed (sign, time), (place of, solemn) assembly, congregation, (set, solemn) feast, (appointed, due) season, solemn (-ity), synagogue, (set) time (appointed).
H3259 יעד
yâ‛ad yaw-ad’
A primitive root; to fix upon (by agreement or appointment); by implication to meet (at a stated time), to summon (to trial), to direct (in a certain quarter or position), to engage (for marriage): – agree, (make an) appoint (-ment, a time), assemble (selves), betroth, gather (selves, together), meet (together), set (a time).
1349) Do% (Do% AhD) ac: Repeat co: ? ab: Witness: The pictograph o is a picture of the eye, the d is a picture of the door. Combined these mean “see the door”. As coming to a tent a tent of meeting and entering in. A place, time or event that is repeated again and again.
L) Doi% (Doi% YAhD) ac: Meet co: Appointment ab: ?: An appointed place, time or event that is repeated such as the monthly and yearly feasts.
V) Doi% (Doi% Y-AhD) – Meet: A coming together as two or an assembly. [freq. 1] (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hiphil, Hophal) |kjv: meet, together, assemble, appoint, set, time, betroth, agree, gather| {str: 3259}
am) Dofm% (Dofm% MW-AhD) – I. Appointment: A time that is repeated time after time. II. Company: A group that meet at specific times. [freq. 224] |kjv: congregation, feast, season, appointed, time, assembly, solemnity, solemn, days, sign, synagogue| {str: 4150, 4151}
af1) Edofm% (Edofm% MW-Ah-DH) – Appointed: A place appointed for as a witness. [freq. 1] |kjv: appointed| {str: 4152}
As we move further into Scripture, we begin to understand that the “moedim” (commonly translated as congregation, but are more appropriately translated as “appointed places in time”) are set by the combination of the month and day.
Lev 23:4 These are the feastsH4150 of the LORD, even holy convocations, which ye shall proclaim in their seasons.H4150
Lev 23:5 In the fourteenth day of the first monthH2320at even is the LORD’S passover.
Lev 23:6 And on the fifteenth day of the same monthH2320 is the feast of unleavened bread unto the LORD: seven days ye must eat unleavened bread.Lev 23:24 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, In the seventh monthH2320, in the first day of the monthH2320, shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial of blowing of trumpets, an holy convocation.
Lev 23:27 Also on the tenth day of this seventh monthH2320 there shall be a day of atonement: it shall be an holy convocation unto you; and ye shall afflict your souls, and offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
Lev 23:34 Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day of this seventh monthH2320shall be the feast of tabernacles for seven days unto the LORD.
We see that the month is what defines the appointed times.
What is the definition of a day?
Gen 1:14 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to dividethe dayH3117 from H996 the night;H3915 and let them be for signs,H226 and for seasons,H4150 and for days,H3117 and years:H8141
This definition is a word that we have already covered: “yom”. The function of dividing the day is again repeated. For when the greater light is visible, the day begins and the work begins until the greater light is no longer visible.
This is covered in more depth in my post titled The Biblical Day.
What is the definition of a year?
Gen 1:14 And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to dividethe dayH3117 from H996 the night;H3915 and let them be for signs,H226 and for seasons,H4150 and for days,H3117 and years:H8141
H8141 שׁנה שׁנה
shâneh shânâh shaw-neh’, shaw-naw’
(The first form being in plural only, the second form being feminine); from H8138; a year (as a revolution of time): – + whole age, X long, + old, year (X -ly).
H8138 שׁנה
shânâh shaw-naw’
A primitive root; to fold, that is, duplicate (literally or figuratively (); by implication to transmute (transitively or intransitively): – do (speak, strike) again, alter, double, (be given to) change, disguise, (be) diverse, pervert, prefer, repeat, return, do the second time.
1474) Ns% (Ns% ShN) ac: Sharp co: Teeth ab: ?: The pictograph s is a picture of the teeth, the n is a picture of a seed representing continuance. Combined these mean “teeth continue”. The two front teeth are sharp and used for cutting foods by pressing down. (eng: shine – from the whiteness of the teeth)
A) Ns% (Ns% ShN) ac: ? co: Teeth ab: ?
Nm/f) Ns% (Ns% ShN) – Teeth: [Hebrew and Aramaic] [freq. 58] |kjv: teeth, tooth, ivory, sharp, crag, forefront| {str: 8127, 8128}
Nf1) Ens% (Ens% Sh-NH) – I. Y [df: ans] II. Sleep: [Unknown connection to root Hebrew and Aramaic] [freq. 906] |kjv: year, sleep| {str: 8141, 8142, 8139, 8140}
H) Ens% (Ens% ShNH) ac: ? co: Two ab: ?: A repeating of the first or what was before.
V) Ens% (Ens% Sh-NH) – I. Change: To exchange one thing for another. II. Repeat: To do something a second time. [freq. 23] (vf: Paal, Niphal, Hitpael, Piel) |kjv: change, second, again, diverse, alter, disguise, double, pervert, prefer, repeat| {str: 8138}
The word “shawnah” pictographically represents a the repeating of a cycle. This could be seen as a year, but in the context is a repeating of nights, months, and the moedim. It is the repeating of the moedim that begins the new counting of the months. This function would again be done by observing the moon for the function it was designed for and to begin the new year.
The words “Rosh haShawnah” show up once in Scripture in a passage found in Ezekiel.
Eze 40:1 In the five and twentieth year of our captivity, in the beginningH7218 of the year,H8141 in the tenth day of the month, in the fourteenth year after that the city was smitten, in the selfsame day the hand of the LORD was upon me, and brought me thither.
Now we must begin to look at what is required for the first month of the year that we may know when to call the renewing of the cycle.
Determining the Beginning of the Month
Num 28:11 And in the beginningsH7218 of your monthsH2320 ye shall offer a burnt offering unto the LORD; two young bullocks, and one ram, seven lambs of the first year without spot;
H7218 ראשׁ
rô’sh roshe
From an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as most easily shaken), whether literally or figuratively (in many applications, of place, time, rank, etc.): – band, beginning, captain, chapiter, chief (-est place, man, things), company, end, X every [man], excellent, first, forefront, ([be-]) head, height, (on) high (-est part, [priest]), X lead, X poor, principal, ruler, sum, top.
1458) Sr% (Sr% RSh) ac: Inherit co: Head ab: ?: The pictograph r is a picture of the head. The head of the tribe (chief) or family (father) is passed from generation to generation. The head grants permission for the betrothal of his daughters and determines the inheritor of the tribe or family. The head of a person, place, thing or time. (eng: raise – with the exchange of the s and sh)
D) Sar% (Sar% RASh) ac: ? co: Head ab: ?
Nm) Sar% (Sar% R-ASh) – Head: The top of the body. A person in authority or role of leader. The top, beginning or first of something. [Hebrew and Aramaic] [df: syr] [freq. 619] |kjv: head, chief, top, beginning, company, captain, sum, first, principal, chapiters, rulers| {str: 7217, 7218, 7389}
Nf3) Tfsar% (Tfsar% RA-ShWT) – Headrest: A place where the head is laid. [freq. 1] |kjv: bolster| {str: 7226}
Nf4) Tisar% (Tisar% RA-ShYT) – Beginning: The head of a space such as the head of a river or time such as an event. [freq. 51] |kjv: beginning, firstfruits, first, chief| {str: 7225}
af1) Esarm% (Esarm% MR-A-ShH) – Head: As a leader. [freq. 1] |kjv: principality| {str: 4761}
ef1) Esair% (Esair% RY-A-ShH) – Beginning: The head of a space such as the head of a river or time such as an event. [freq. 185] |kjv: first, former, beginning, chief, before, old, foremost, aforetime| {str: 7223}
ejm) Nfsair% (Nfsair% RY-A-ShWN) – First: The head of a time or position. [freq. 185] |kjv: first, former, beginning, chief, before, old, foremost, aforetime| {str: 7223}
gf1) Esafr% (Esafr% RW-A-ShH) – Head: [freq. 1] |kjv: beginnings| {str: 7222}
The pictograph meaning of the letters “resh”, “aleph” and “shin” is the head or beginning, separated by a show of strength.
H2320 חדשׁ
chôdesh kho’-desh
From H2318; the new moon; by implication a month: – month (-ly), new moon.
H2318 חדשׁ
châdash khaw-dash’
A primitive root; to be new; causatively to rebuild: – renew, repair.
2151) Sdh% (Sdh% HhDSh) ac: Renew co: New moon ab: New: The first crescent of the moon as the renewal of the moon, the first day of the month. [from: dh – restoration]
V) Sdh% (Sdh% Hh-DSh) – Renew: To make something like new through repair, restoration, or replacement. [freq. 10] (vf: Hitpael, Piel) |kjv: renew, repair| {str: 2318}
Nm) Sdh% (Sdh% Hh-DSh) – New: Something that is new, renewed, restored or repaired. [freq. 54] |kjv: new, fresh| {str: 2319, 2323}
gm) Sdfh% (Sdfh% HhW-DSh) – New moon: The first crescent of the moon as the renewal of the moon, the first day of the month. [freq. 276] |kjv: month, new moon, monthly| {str: 2320}
The phrase “beginnings of your months” shows us that the month begins with the new moon.
What Constitutes a Renewing?
Jer 31:31 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a newH2319 covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
Jer 31:32 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD:
Jer 31:33 But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people.
H2319 חדשׁ
châdâsh khaw-dawsh’
From H2318; new: – fresh, new thing.
If we understand this passage correctly and understand that it is related to the role of Messiah as portrayed in a vision given to Daniel, then we know that this covenant is not new, but renewed. In other words, it doesn’t come back in a different form.
Dan 9:26 And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof shall be with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.
Dan 9:27 And he shall confirm the covenant with many for one week: and in the midst of the week he shall cause the sacrifice and the oblation to cease, and for the overspreading of abominations he shall make it desolate, even until the consummation, and that determined shall be poured upon the desolate.
As Daniel’s vision establishes that one role of Messiah is to confirm a covenant. When someone confirms a covenant, the covenant must have existed prior and is not new in the sense that it starts from nothing, but is confirmed through some physical means (such as an oath, signature, ceremony, etc…).
Prophecies Concerning the Moon
Isa 13:9 Behold, the day of the LORD cometh, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it.
Isa 13:10 For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.
Isa 13:11 And I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible.Psa 72:4 He shall judge the poor of the people, he shall save the children of the needy, and shall break in pieces the oppressor.
Psa 72:5 They shall fear thee as long as the sun and moon endure, throughout all generations.
Psa 72:6 He shall come down like rain upon the mown grass: as showers that water the earth.
Psa 72:7 In his days shall the righteous flourish; and abundance of peace so long as the moon endureth.
Psa 72:8 He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth.Isa 60:19 The sun shall be no more thy light by day; neither for brightness shall the moon give light unto thee: but the LORD shall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory.
Isa 60:20 Thy sun shall no more go down; neither shall thy moon withdraw itself: for the LORD shall be thine everlasting light, and the days of thy mourning shall be ended.Eze 32:7 And when I shall put thee out, I will cover the heaven, and make the stars thereof dark; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not give her light.
Eze 32:8 All the bright lights of heaven will I make dark over thee, and set darkness upon thy land, saith the Lord GOD.Joe 2:10 The earth shall quake before them; the heavens shall tremble: the sun and the moon shall be dark, and the stars shall withdraw their shining:
Joe 2:11 And the LORD shall utter his voice before his army: for his camp is very great: for he is strong that executeth his word: for the day of the LORD is great and very terrible; and who can abide it?Mat 24:29 Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken:
Mat 24:30 And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory.
Mat 24:31 And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other.Rev 8:12 And the fourth angel sounded, and the third part of the sun was smitten, and the third part of the moon, and the third part of the stars; so as the third part of them was darkened, and the day shone not for a third part of it, and the night likewise.